History Optional - Maps Question Strategy by Gaurav Gupta AIr - 117 UPSC Civils

Map Question Strategy: History Optional ( Reblogged from Gaurav Gupta's Blog )

Importance

• Very Important question – 60 marks/20 locations
• Objective and to-the-point answer
• Highly scoring gives edge over other optionals such as Psychology, Political Science etc
• If you have prepared well then would save time for other questions


1. Strategy is to divide the time domain into various phases
2. One should be aware of different names for same time phase (Indus Valley Civilization also known as Chalcolithic period/Copper Age and Bronze Age) as sometimes UPSC may ask in a round-about way.
3. Make your reference maps with great accuracy so that you may revise it later.

• Pre-historic - Paleolithic , Mesolithic, Neolithic 
• Harappan Civilization/Bronze Age
• Mahajanpada Period (Later Vedic Age)
• Mauryan Period
• Early Ancient Historical period
• Gupta Age

Remembering and Practice Tips –
 Always practice on blank map (as this is what you will get in the exam)
 Take reference from –
 International and national boundaries
 Key inflection points on the boundary
 Key Rivers
 Tropical line, longitude and latitude referencing
 Key locations – such as capitals of state
 But Don’t depend too much on reference cities and rivers – as they are not given in the exam

 Make short notes about those locations at one place for those locations behind the map, which would help you in remembering key features of that.
 Give more importance to pre-historic, early historic, ancient, early medieval and medieval sites in decreasing order.

Sample Map: Mauryan Era sites
 You can differentiate between different types of edicts during Mauryan era using different symbols.
 Idea is to have clarity on the map to revise it later so use extended lines wherever required to write its name etc.

The above article has been reblogged from the blog written by Gaurav Gupta , please ask any question you might have this article on the link of his original article, for that Click Here .

History Optional Strategy by Surabhi Malik AIR 52 UPSC Civils

Strategy for History Optional by Surabhi Malik, IAS ( Reblogged from a facebook link )

This is a subject where strategising becomes paramount; since the expanse of the syllabus itself appears insurmountable. Since you are preparing for exam purposes here and your primary objective is not, presumably, the 'love of learning' , it becomes important to begin, as I like to put it, backwards.
It's best to analyse the question papers spanning at least a decade; questions before that are too simplistic to have a fair chance of appearing in the same form again. So, I would suggest compartmentalising questions based on chronology. That gives us a fairly expansive scale of topics to focus on. Second, when preparing a particular topic from a book or notes, it's important to cover it in entirety-- i.e. think of all possible aspects of a situation that you can be questioned on. Apart from facts, focus on 'whys'-- why civilisations crumbled, how different was their end to another's end.

'How' religious policies contributed to administration, art and architecture. Focus on analytical questions, but be clear about facts. Only when there is clarity of facts relating to different periods can you handle a question that seeks to highlight the differences and similarities therein. You must be clear in your head what the basic differences between different civilisations are. This suggests a panoramic view of history along with some microscopic treatment. Last year, there were some descriptive questions like Khilji's market reforms, etc-- and these are very standard questions that serve as bonus for an exam-taker. Don't be caught off-guard on such questions.

For books, I began with 'Modern India' by Bipin Chandra, supplemented by 'India's struggle for Independence' by Bipin Chandra, Mukherjee, Panikkar. Spectrum's book on Modern India that people use for the prelims is also a storehouse of facts! For Ancient India, I referred to 'Ancient India' by R.S. Sharma (a wonderfully concise book where every single word is important) and supplemented sparsely by 'The Wonder that was India' by A.L. Basham. Romila Thapar's treatment of 'Ashoka' is venerated in Indian historiography. For Medieval India, I found Satish Chandra's two volumes on Medieval India quite sufficient.
Apart from this, another famous standard text is 'An Advanced History of India' by Majumdar, Raychaudhuri and Dutta.
Personally, I got some history notes from Mr. Hemant Jha in Delhi. I found them very useful for filling in important gaps in my knowledge. He covers different aspects of topics and questions remarkably well, with regard to extra information and facts. Be aware though, you should be reading standard texts for improving your answer-writing abilities.

As a part of my strategy, I covered the Indian History very exhaustively and was a little selective for World History. I do not necessarily recommend this, since it is generally thought that the questions on World History are more straightforward than questions on Modern India. I did so because my comfort level with Indian History was greater and I felt confident of being able to tackle tricky questions. In my selective studies on World History, i followed Mr. Hemant Jha's notes as well as 'Modern World' by K. Krishna Reddy. There are other better books, you should google and look some of those up. I focussed on European History and the Revolutions in particular as I saw a repetition of questions in these topics.

For Map, there are books available in the market with a large number of map sites and I'm afraid there's no short cut there. You really have to learn to mark all of them on the map and learn atleast 3 things about each place.

Finally, remember to set targets and achieve daily goals! Anything left over tends to add up dangerously in History. Remember you will be writing 4-5 page answers, and when you have covered an 'aspect' of a question that satisfies that word limit, move on. You're not here to do specialised research on one particular area. While answering questions, your introduction and conclusion should be impressive. While I personally used my introduction to explain the setting and context of the question, I used my conclusion to summarise my answer and place into perspective the direction that my answer took. Make sure it's insightful; that's half the battle won!

All the best to everyone!

History Optional Strategy by Gaurav Gupta AIR - 117 UPSC Civils

History as optional –

First of all one should take optional based on his interest as this subject is you would be reading for next 1-2 years or more so you must have zeal to go deeper, read new books by new writers to learn and understand various perspectives. And that is why I took History as optional despite being told by some people that it is not ‘scoring’, or it has ‘large syllabus’. However once I decided, I made sure that I should not get such thoughts. In UPSC all subjects are scoring provided you are answering what is asked.

Other benefits of History as optional (once you have decided that you have interest in it) –

I take history as very scientific, analytical and objective subject as you have to frame your answer based on historical evidences/facts and records.
I liked to read about how was our past and it is always fascinating to know how the older world used to live.
Also History as optional helps a lot in GS Paper-I (as modern history comes in GS-1+60% of world history comes in GS-1+parts of ancient and medieval history comes as culture and it is also very helping in scoring good in paper-I of Prelims.
It gives you material to talk about many things, many socio-political-economic issues and also to write about.

Preparation Strategy:

For history, I was almost dependent on self-study only except that I got few notes from my coaching for world history as it was part of GS-Paper-I and given some books to read by my Prof as supplementary material.
I decided that I would stick to few text books/source and would read them from end to end and then would not be distracted by many other books which may also be good but would reduce my focus from other parts of course.
I made self-made written notes for all parts of history – Ancient, Medieval, Modern and world as in history there are so many facts, names, years etc which you may have to remember to incorporate in your answers and after reading so much one may feel before examination that one is forgetting everything !! (It happens and then you loose sleep before the exam day) So these notes really help you revise faster and gives feeling of completion if you have revised them 1-2 times before exam (This was one of the weakness during my first attempt).
Then I made sure that I do  not leave any topic mentioned in the History syllabus and so when I found that I have not enough information/data/knowledge about any topic from books then I referred to online sources/Britannica encyclopedia / supplementary books to read about them and note important points from them.
I went through every question of last 20 years and tried many questions by writing also – this has three benefits, a) It gave boost to my confidence, b) as History is static subject so certain topics/questions/issues can be repeated so you will have already structured answer, c) You will find certain loopholes in your preparation, certain things which you might have missed and not covered.

Main Text Books –

Upinder Singh (Ancient and Early Medieval India), (VERY GOOD BOOK) – has many maps, pictures, latest findings, different point of views and gender perspective

Salma Ahmed Farooqui (Comprehensive History of Medieval India) and Old NCERT Medieval India book

Bipin Chandra (Modern India) + Coaching Notes

Word History – Coaching Notes (HAD GOOD NOTES SO DID NOT REFER TO BOOK) and also referred to xerox notes of world history by Rau classes (Delhi) from my friend and found them quite good.

Supplementary sources –

India After Gandhi by Ramchandra Guha
Spectrum Modern India History
Mastering Modern World History by Norman Lowe
Spectrum Culture Book
India After Independence by Bipin Chandra (found very biased however)
india.gov.in
Online Britannica encyclopedia
India by John Keay
Watched episodes of “Bharat ek Khoj” on youtube
New pattern and my opinion

I found this year paper a bit different that previous year questions. History First paper was interesting, the questions required deep understanding and the ability to frame the answer by combining various parts which are scattered here and there in the books. So reading analytically is must. Now the pattern demand understanding of concepts, connecting the dots – interconnection between social issues, economic issues, gender issues from historical perspective and there must not be too much focus on mastering years of wars/political lineage and succession of kingdoms — now those questions are not being asked.
You should have very strong hold on one part of each paper, for example I had strong hold on ancient India in first paper and Modern India in second paper and good amount of strong hold in world history too. This can help in choosing which questions to select and answer.
Try to give archaeological findings and their example in your answer to support your argument.
Also try to include latest findings in your answer (for example I included latest finding based on DNA analysis on caste structure history in ancient India in one of my answer.)

Writing Strategy

I followed introduction-main body with headings/sub-headings-conclusion format in writing long answers (15/20 number). For compulsory question I tried to write very objectively in short paragraph format.
I tried to attempt question 1 and 5 (compulsory) in the last else one has tendency to write more in 12 marks question and fixed that I should have 45-60 min at least for these questions to write in the last.
I got 114 (225 marks attempted) in Paper-I and 125 in (all questions attempted) in Paper-2. I however noticed that even in my this attempt at various points in some questions I did not focus on core of the answer and included some unwarranted parts in my answers thus digressing and due to which main answer was small so I hope future aspirants don;t repeat this mistake (especially in Paper-I) and try to see what parts have been asked in the question and answer all the parts giving due importance to each part.
There may be some questions which are part of compulsory question of 12 marks each which you don’t know at all. It was the case in first paper where I did not know two of 5 questions so I left them and decided to focus more on those which I know and tried to give more time to map question in place of putting unrelevant answer and fluff such questions to get 2-4 marks or even 0 marks as those who are checking answer scripts must be knowledgeable in their field and subject and we cannot make them fool. This is my opinion and I know many try to write something even if they know nothing and I found then getting not selected also.

Map practice and strategy 

I referred this book for maps-Spectrum’s Historical Atlas (with key places)
I found above book useful but it has majority of locations from medieval India and modern India perspective however in recent times the focus of UPSC in history has shifted to pre-historic and ancient Indian sites (paleolithic, neolithic, megalithic, Bronze age etc). For that I found book by Upinder Singh very informative and too good as it has many maps, new locations which have been discovered recently and pictures etc which makes reading history very interesting.
So I divided the locations in a time -scale (pre-historic (paleo/meso/neo-microlithic), historic (mahajanpada age/Mauryan/Early historic/Gupta etc) and then mapped them state-vise in practice maps and made short notes about them listing important features behind the map-paper. (Like – Shortughai in Afghanistan was trading out-post during Indus civilization) — This helped in eleventh hour revision also.
Before one month of exam I practiced the map almost “every day” in the new pattern where UPSC asks to guess the location and then write about it. By dividing the locations based on states in India (and nations – Pak/Afghanistan) it became easier to guess the location else its very confusing when some locations are very near-by.
My wife used to give 15 locations on a map with only dots showing and then I used to solve them. This I did almost every day before 1 month of exam.
One month practice helped me a lot in dealing with map question and I was able to strike 80-90% during practices. Also give more focus to pre-historic, early historic and early medieval sites. Also make sure that you are aware of synonyms of different periods as it may confuse you. (For example: Harappan civilization is also known as bronze age civilization and Vedic age is also known as Iron age etc)
I am attaching some notes I have prepared for some topics of Modern Indian History, however most of my history notes are in written format so it would not be possible to upload them and also I believe it is best to have one’s own notes as every one has his own way to making notes, inferring from that and style of learning.

(Also this is the strategy I followed which may not be best but I found it good and suitable for me, so Please create your own strategy which suits you and your study style. You can take inputs from many people but ultimately you will have to have your own strategy.)


Additional History Notes – Modern India

Indian women freedom fighters 

Khalaji revolution

The above article has been reblogged from the blog written by Gaurav Gupta , please ask any question you might have this article on the link of his original article, for that Click Here .

My UPSC CAPF - 2014 Interview Experience - Got recommended with All India Rank 4.

UPSC calls its interview as Personality Test, but don't get too happy, they still do ask factual questions. But what I feel is that they must be carrying lower marks than the opinion based and situation based questions.

I had prepared well for my D day at UPSC and it was on 9th February in morning session at UPSC Bhawan, Dholpur House, New Delhi. At first everyone is made to sit in the big hall with circular dome shaped roof. Here all the documents and forms are checked and then you are told to wait for your interview turn.

I was in for a big surprise on that day, just after the documents were verified, it was around 10:45 a.m. , a portly looking man came and called out my name. He instructed me to follow him, I was very nervous at that point of time and so much was going on inside my head, so without paying much thought I started to follow him. Mid way in our walk, a CISF personnel frisked me. I was wondering why this redundant task was being done, we were already frisked at entry gate.

And then just after that, the person told me to sit outside a room. When I looked on the name plate it said " Chattar Singh ". It was like a covert operation to lead a man into ambush, nobody told me that I am going first for the interview. First day of interview and first show too.

Heartbeat suddenly shot up in anticipation of coming half an hour. To calm myself I tried to distract my mind and started observing people around and it was of great help. Everyone was very casual and chatty on good February morning, observing them certainly relaxed my tensed mind. And then a peon came out and told me to go inside.

Inside their were four people, CS - Chattar Singh ( Chairman of Board ) , M1 - lady , M2 and M3 - both men seemingly from armed forces. They were all seated around a square table. Now the interview questions : ( answers vary from person to person and personal experiences so I am not mentioning them )

CS: Is this you ?? ( after showing me photo of mine )
CS: How do I pronounce your surname ?
CS: You have earlier been employed , please tell about your experience there ?
CS: Why do you want to leave that organisation and come here ?

M1: Why haven't you joined army ? Did you ever apply for it ?
M1: Is there any one in your family who has served in uniformed service ?
M1: Tell me about your home district ?
M1: What are the famous establishments there ?

CS: You have mentioned football, according to you what is impact of ISL on indian football ?
CS: What are the steps needed for betterment of sports culture in India ?
CS: Watching movies is your hobby too, what sort of movies do you watch ?
CS: Why don't you watch Bollywood movies ?
CS: Which genre of movies attracts you the most ?

M2: You seem to have interest in war and history, am I right ?
M2: Please recall the events leading to second world war ?
M2: How is World War 1 related to second world war ?
M2: Any particular military strategy that was used in World War 2 ?
M2: What was the turning point of Second World War ?
M2: Tell me about the outcome of First World War ?

CS: What is your force preference ?
CS: Why have you chosen CISF as first preference ? Why not others / whats wrong with them ?

M3: Are you still in touch with computer science ?
M3: Of what help can be your degree in CAPF ?
M3: Tell me about Data Mining ?
M3: What is Cloud Computing , explain in simple terms ?
M3: Difference between political setup in India and US ?
M3: What is the difference between powers of Indian and US president ?

CS: Why is CISF still required , why can't we replace them with private security ?
CS: Ok, you may go now .

I was expecting at least 100 out of 150. The interview went quite well and the duration was about 25 - 30 minutes. I missed a few points here and there which I should have spoken, but that happens to everyone due to very less time that you have to gather points and prepare your answer. I couldn't defend choosing CISF over others well , maybe nobody can. I ended up arguing a little bit with the chairman over the CISF question after he brought it up again, shouldn't have done that.

Anyways the end result is that I figured in the final merit list with 90 /150 marks in Personality Test.
All's well that ends well. Hope the interview transcript helps you all . 

My SBI PO - 2013 Interview Experience ( Finally scored 25/30 in interview and got selected too )

Hi all , I cleared SBI PO 2013 and was allotted Gujarat Circle. I am an alumni of Amity University Noida and a computer science engineer. While I was in college I was placed HCL but did not join for obvious reasons and started preparing for govt. exams.

My score in SBI PO - 

Objective(200)= 123 

Written(50)= 32 

GD(20) + Interview(30) =  12+25

Overall normalized score = 65 out of 100 (last general candidate selected at 63 normalized score)

I am hereby giving my interview experience as I scored really well in the interview , i.e. 25 out of 30.

The panel was of 4 male members . One of them was some kind of psychological expert , he never spoke.

Here it goes - I entered the room and they were already done with a quick look at my resume.

M1: you know German , you have mentioned it in your resume.
Me : yes. (totally caught unaware , never thought this will be the first thing they will ask after courtesies)

So M1  said that he also knows german
And started asking me very tough german word meanings
I told ki I know only basic stuff like counting , a few paras etc.
He asked counting in german and I answered correctly he was satisfied then.

M2 then asked about amity
He said that amity is big brand .. is it indian.. how many campuses? I told all about it . Was impressed
Told about achievements of my various seniors too in various disciplines.

M3 : then y u didnt join hcl??
 I told not good enough package i deserve more
 He said okk
 Then he asked ki what do you know in banking
I said that I know nothing much as i m engineering graduate and that I prepared banking basics like repo reverse repo crr slr etc
So he dint question further in that respect.

M3 said ki okk .. I want to know ki what do you know.. not what you dont know..

M1:  So tell me from which area i should ask  questions ??
Then i said ki you can ask from any general awareness topic Or gk stuff
So as they had my 4 biodata copies already with them, he said that you hv written reading as hobby.
I said yess i like to read historical fiction Like da vinci code , angels and demons,  Immortals of meluha, Etc etc. They got impressed.

So now the M2 guy took over
He said that I think you have interest in history
I said yes and then he started asking questions from history , like a quick fire round.

M2 :When was indus valley civilization established
I replied started 2500 bc and ended 1750 bc
He said ok.. now tell who deciphered indus valley script?
           I said it has not been deciphered.
           But he said no it has been.
           I said no u r wrong.

Then he said ok.. now tell about sarnath and sanchi?
 I told all historical facts related to them..
 Then he asked sabse tough who excavated sanchi??
 I remembered that i had somewhere read about Cunningham and guessed he was the one who did it.

He asked who was he ??
I replied first director general of archaeological survey of india. It was a guess so I asked permission to guess, was not sure about it at all.
Was really really impressed

Then asked about Lothal?

I told it was port city of harappan civilization
Then he stopped asking at last when i started reciting in front of him names of all excavators like b b lal  john marshal etc
In fact He said okk okk now you can stop. 

 And told that he gives me 100/100 in history and that i am very thorough with my interest but sadly it is not history exam. Not a great time to mock and I was quite nervous at that point of time. Point to mention - History is my UPSC optional. :)

So now M3 takes over. Our gd topic was " women are better managers ",  So all 8 people who spoke before me supported this theme.

But i was only one ( my turn was 9th ) who opposed this theory altogether. By saying being better manager has nothing to do with gender prejudice all are equal.. gave preamble and constitutional references. ( maybe this backfired = poor score in GD)

         
The panel was same in interview and gd ... and they noted down what I has said in GD
Now in interview when M3 started he said-
M3: you were very precise and too the point in GD. What did you think of gd topic as you were only one who vehemently denied it
Me : I said frankly it was absurd in my opinion. ( Absurd was not the right word to use but somehow came out of my mouth and He was taken aback .. I was also afraid that what have I said )

Then he asked tauntingly ( changed from appreciating stance )
M3 : what in your view should be the title then?
 I tried to calmly handle the situation
 I said that Sir what i want to say is that in india our constitution treats women as welfare subject because they were downtrodden  and ill treated .. but constitution never said that anyone is better than someone on the basis of prejudices of caste and gender etc.

He was now a bit relieved. The angry expression was gone from his face. I was relieved too . Phew!!
So i said that in my view it should have been " are women equally good managers " then i would have supported it...
 Now he was very much satisfied with this answer and nodded ...  And passed on again to the first guy.. ( the fourth guy infact never spoke during the half an hour interview )

After all such questions, M1 started with economics :
Why rupee is falling ,  Why gold price is falling,  What is policy paralysis,  FDI in bank, 

Can nationalised bank accept FDI specially SBI.
 In this question I was not sure so told that I guess that they cant.

 So now again after economics .. M2 had his turn :
 He asked me about recent supreme court judgments.
 I told the one about representation of people act 1951 related one  And about electoral reforms.

 Then he said that no there is one more. I told that supreme court has directed govt to regulate acid bottle sale due to attack on women
 Then he again said ki nhi another one  , I answered sir there is one more banning caste based rallies in UP .. but it is by allahabd high court.. i think you want to know about that.  Then he said that haan i wanted to know that.

 Now he asked about social problems in India.  I said that there are truck loads. Recited all indian problems one by one

Then atlast when they were all satisfied, they looked towards each other and said that you can leave now.

 Then i said good evening to all , specially to fourth guy who dint ask anything and came out.

Strategy for UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam - General Studies

Coming Soon- I don't get enough time to blog... phew !!!

Strategy for UPSC CAPF Exam

I cleared CAPF written exam conducted by UPSC in 2014. So I will be solely relying on my own experience in writing this blog article. Simply stated if you have read any blog article on Civil Service Prelims preparation that will help you to ensure that all the books and strategies that you need are in place for this exam too.

CAPF Exam has two parts :
1. Objective ( General Awareness , Reasoning ,  Quantitative Aptitude )
2. Subjective ( Essay , Precis , Report , Grammar )

Both the objective and subjective papers are conducted on the same day with two hours of gap in betweeen.

Lets us first have a look at the strategy to be adopted for Objective paper :

Objective paper has 125 questions which are multiple choice multiple answer type of questions. Out of these questions about 105 are General Studies questions and 20 are from elementary maths and reasoning.

For the General Studies part most of the Static GK type question from History, Geography, Economy, Polity etc. are of the same level as that of Civil Service Prelim exam. So for these parts you will have to put enough hard work.
In the questions from Maths and Reasoning you can be a bit lenient with your preparation as they are not that tough. If a person has seriously prepared for any Bank PO or SSC exam then he will certainly sail in the Maths/Reasoning questions.

Current Affairs - UPSC has the habit of asking good number of questions from current affairs every now and then. You can prepare for this part by making your own notes from any good Current Affairs magazine. I will recommend Pratiyogita Darpan , Civil Service Chronicle etc. Choose any one of your choice as per availability. Try to supplement you notes with thorough newspaper reading and making weekly notes from newspaper if you can do that, remember to make notes that are crisp and revision friendly , don't include each and every junk that comes your way in the notes.

History Of India - You are advised to read NCERT History Books Class 6 – 12 very seriously and twice. You will have to Supplement your knowledge with TMH GS Manual. While preparing history make sure that you devote due time to the History of our Freedom Struggle. I suggest that you read India’s struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra for preparing this part. Religiously read this book twice or thrice that will make you confident enough to tackle questions from this part of history. Medieval Indian history has a lot of data and names to mug up , I suggest that you give a reading of this portion from Tamil Nadu State Class 11 book History Medieval. You can download PDF of this book online. Prepare the cultural aspect ie religion, architecture etc in detail for this exam.


Indian and World Geography - Questions from this section can be easily tackled with adequate preparation from NCERT books alone. I suggest you read the following books and make notes of important topics or mark in the books themselves.
Class 11 NCERT  – India Physical Geography and World Physical Geography
Class 12 NCERT -  Human geography and India Human Geography
For further supplementing your knowledge you may go for Certificate physical Geography by Goh Cheh Leong, because some parts are not lucidly explained in NCERT. ( This is to be done only when you are not short if time and that too dont read line by line. )


Indian Polity and Governance -  There is one and one name only in this part of general studies that will help you come out with flying colors and that is Indian Polity by Laxmikanth. Read and re read this book as many times as you can. Try to remember important articles and important points that are mentioned. Make short one page notes about the tricky stuff that you feel is hard to remember or error prone. Buy a chart of Constitution article and give it a glance passing by.
For supplementing your study, you may go for the optional book , Introduction to Indian Constitution by D D Basu


Economics -  Questions that are asked from this section are generally based on basics of economics and one can get a command over this section by reading the Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh and one good English Newspaper for current economic developments. You may supplement you knowledge by learning key points from the book on Macroeconomics published by NCERT.


General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate - Most of this part is covered in the physical Geography part. All you have to do is prepare these parts a bit more seriously while reading the geography books. You can get help from NIOS material on Ecology and Biodiversity, they are also beautifully written and are very easy to understand. You can use notes of any good coaching institute for further study. Don't forget to make notes of environmental concerns and issues from the newspaper.

General Science -  For this part you will have to rely heavily on the NCERT Science books upto 10th class and TMH GS Manual. It is a very scoring section and you can easily score by preparing smartly. Try to analyse previous year questions and make a plan so that you can cover all the portions that have been asked in previous years by UPSC in its various exams. Don't shy away saying that I am not from science background so I can not do it. The difficulty level is as such that any one can score better marks regardless of stream of schooling. Read Class – 9 and 10 Science NCERT with greater concentration.


For the maths and reasoning part of Objective paper - 

You can attempt good number of question of Quantitative Aptitude if you follow the book, Quantitative Aptitude by R S Aggrawal. This book is good enough as the questions are not too tough and designed only to test basic mathematical ability. Any good book of Mathematical Aptitude that you may have preparation will also serve the purpose.

Reasoning Aptitude can be handled easily by preparing from, Modern Approach to Reasoning by R S Aggrawal. Questions are of moderate difficulty and solving previous year question papers of various exams specially SSC will give you confidence.

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